Introduction
mood disorder is a mental health class that health professionals use to broadly describe all types of depression and bipolar disorders.
Children, teens, and adults can have mood disorders. However, children and teens don’t always have the same symptoms as adults. It’s harder to diagnose mood disorders in children because they aren’t always able to express how they feel.
Therapy, antidepressants, and support and self-care can help treat mood disorders.
Signs & symptoms
These are the most common types of mood disorders:
- Major depression. Having less interest in usual activities, feeling sad or hopeless, and other symptoms for at least 2 weeks may indicate depression.
- This is a chronic, low-grade, depressed, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 2 years.
- Bipolar disorder. This is a condition in which a person has periods of depression alternating with periods of mania or elevated mood.
- Mood disorder related to another health condition. Many medical illnesses (including cancer, injuries, infections, and chronic illnesses) can trigger symptoms of depression.
- Substance-induced mood disorder. Symptoms of depression that are due to the effects of medicine, drug abuse, alcoholism, exposure to toxins, or other forms of treatment.
Mood swings may accompany other psychological or cognitive symptoms including:
- Ongoing sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
- Feeling hopeless or helpless
- Having low self-esteem
- Feeling inadequate or worthless
- Excessive guilt
- Repeating thoughts of death or suicide, wishing to die, or attempt suicide
- Loss of interest in usual activities or activities that were once enjoyed, including hobbies.
- Relationship problems
- Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
- Changes in appetite and/or weight
- Decreased energy
- Trouble concentrating
- A decrease in the ability to make decisions
- Frequent physical complaints (for example, headache, stomach-ache, or tiredness) that don’t get better with treatment
- Running away or threats of running away from home
- Very sensitive to failure or rejection
- Irritability, hostility, or aggression
- Boredom
- Changes in mood, personality or behaviour
- Confusion or forgetfulness
- Difficulty with memory, thinking, talking, comprehension, writing or reading
- Excess alcohol consumption
- Hallucinations or delusions
- Mood depression or elevation
- Poor judgment
- Racing thoughts and rapid speech
- Reckless or inappropriate behaviours
- Withdrawal or depression
In mood disorders, these feelings are more intense than what a person may normally feel from time to time. It is also important if these feelings continue over time, or interfere with one’s interest in family, friends, community, or work. Any person who expresses thoughts of suicide should get medical help immediately.
Mood swings may accompany symptoms related to other systems including:
- Appetite and weight changes
- Cough that gets more severe over time
- Fatigue
- Incontinence, weakness, or sensory changes
- Missed menstrual cycles
- Nausea with or without vomiting
- Seizures and tremors
- Shortness of breath
- Sleep disturbances
In some cases, mood swings may be a symptom of a life-threatening condition that should be immediately evaluated in an emergency setting including:
- Being a danger to yourself or others, including threatening, irrational or suicidal behaviour
- Change in mental status or sudden behaviour change, such as confusion, delirium, lethargy, hallucinations and delusions
- Seizure
- Suicidal actions including dangerous behaviour, such as playing choking games or Russian roulette, or overdosing on drugs
- Talking about or threatening to hurt oneself or another person
- Talking about suicide, wanting to die, or not wanting to live any longer
- Trauma, such as bone deformity, burns, eye injuries, and other self-inflicted injuries
Causes
Mood swings can be associated with psychiatric conditions, substance abuse, medication side effects, or chronic medical conditions.
They can be associated with conditions that can deprive the brain of nutrients and oxygen. Mood swings can also occur with hormonal changes.
Mood swings may be caused by psychiatric conditions including:
- Bipolar disorder
- Borderline personality disorder (disorder characterized by unstable relationships)
- Depression
- Intermittent explosive disorder (disorder characterized by extreme anger)
- Postpartum depression
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- Substance abuse
Mood swings can have other causes including:
- Brain tumours
- Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease,
- Injury to the head
- Medication side effects
- Menopause
- Pregnancy
- Puberty
- Sleep disorders
In some cases, mood swings may be a symptom of a serious or life-threatening condition that should be immediately evaluated in an emergency setting. These include:
- Acute delirium (sudden onset of mental status changes due to illness or toxicity)
- Alcohol poisoning or drug overdose
- Mania
- Meningitis
- Stroke
- Injury to the brain
Pathophysiology
The exact pathophysiology of mood disorders is still not clear. The brain communicates with itself and the rest of the body by transmitting chemicals from one neuron, or nerve, to the other. And this regular, rapid-fire messaging plays a big role in how one person feels and functions each day. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. There are many of them but the main ones are serotonin, acetyl choline, dopamine, GABA, and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitter chemicals are classified into two basic categories: excitatory, meaning they stimulate brain activity, or inhibitory, meaning they have a more calming effect. Together, they form a balance of emotional and physiological functions.
A range of neuropathological abnormalities have been reported in recent studies of primary mood disorder. They are mainly in the prefrontal cortex and are cytoarchitectural in nature. A loss of glia is the most notable finding, along with a reduced size and density of some neurones. There are also alterations described in the hippocampal formation and subcortical structures and concerning synaptic terminals and dendrites. Together, the changes are suggestive of a difference in the cellular composition and circuitry of these regions in mood disorder. More studies are needed to find the exact neurochemical pathway.
Diagnosis
Mood disorder is a real medical condition, diagnosed with-
A complete medical history
Psychiatric evaluation
USG
CT scan
MRI
Treatments
Families play a vital supportive role in any treatment process.
When correctly diagnosed and treated, people with mood disorders can live, stable, productive, healthy lives.
Mood disorders can often be treated with success. Treatment may include:
- Antidepressants and mood stabilizing medicines
- Psychotherapy—most often cognitive-behavioural and/or interpersonal therapy.
- Family therapy
- Other therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial stimulation
Prognosis
Most of the mood swings cases show positive outcome with proper counselling, medication and therapy but chance of recurrence is high.
Complications
Because mood swings can be due to serious diseases, failure to seek treatment can result in serious complications and permanent damage. Once the underlying cause is diagnosed and treated properly, many complications can be avoided. Important complications include:
- Brain damage, memory loss, attention difficulties, and impaired judgment
- Coma
- Difficulties at work, in school, in social environments, and with relationships
- Drug and alcohol use and abuse
- Drug overdose or alcohol poisoning
- Impaired social interactions
- Increased risk of injury
- Legal or financial troubles
- Self-harm
- Social isolation
- Suicide or violence
Disease & Ayurveda
Unmada (Vaatika)
Nidana
Intake of viruddha (contradictory to each other), dushta (rotten or toxic), and ashuchi (unhygienic) foods and drinks
Insulting the gods, teachers and high-profile people in the society
Fear
Grief
Sudden happiness
Unwholesome diet and activities
Purvaaroopa
Not mentioned
Samprapti
The causative factors vitiate the doshas and affect the hrudaya(heart) which is the seat of intellect & feelings. In a person with abnormal emotional quotient and less tolerance level (heena satwabala) when the doshas reach the channels of emotional impulses (manovahasrotas) they afflict the mind and generate the signs and symptoms of unmada
Lakshana
Laughing, speaking, singing, dancing and abnormal movements of the body in inappropriate places and occasions.
Loss of weight, emaciation, roughness and darkness of skin,
Irregular, sudden and untimely changes in mood and affect
Divisions
Not mentioned
Prognosis
Yaapya
Chikithsa
Samana
Aamapachanam
Agnideepanam
Rasayanam
Brumhanam
Sodhana
Snehana-abhyanga, siropichu, sirovasti
Swedana
Vamanam
Virechanam
Nasyam
Asthapanavasti
Snehavasti
Commonly used medicines
Mridweekadi kashayam
Drakshadi kashayam
Brands available
AVS Kottakal
AVP Coimbatore
SNA oushadhasala
Vaidyaratnam oushadhasala
Home remedies
No home remedies are proven scientifically to cure mood swings. But relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga and pranayama can help the person to Improve the quality of life.
Diet
- To be avoided
Heavy meals and difficult to digest foods – cause indigestion.
Junk foods- cause disturbance in digestion and reduces the bioavailability of the medicine
Carbonated drinks – makes the stomach more acidic and disturbed digestion
Refrigerated and frozen foods – causes weak and sluggish digestion by weakening Agni (digestive fire)
Curd – causes vidaaha and thereby many other diseases
- To be added
Light meals and easily digestible foods
Green gram, soups, ghee
Freshly cooked and warm food processed with cumin seeds, ginger, black pepper, ajwain etc
Behaviour:
Protect yourself from extreme hot & cold climates.
Better to avoid exposure to excessive sunlight wind rain or dust.
Maintain a regular food and sleep schedule. Avoid keeping awake late night.
Avoid holding or forcing the urges like urine, faeces, cough, sneeze etc.
Avoid sedentary lifestyle.
Yoga
Regular stretching and mild cardio exercises are advised. Also, specific yogacharya including naadisuddhi pranayama, bhujangaasana, pavanamuktasana is recommended.
Regular exercise helps improve bioavailability of the medicine and food ingested and leads to positive health.
Yoga can maintain harmony within the body and with the surrounding system.
Pavanamuktasana
Nadisudhi pranayama
Bhujangasana
Simple exercises for lungs and heart health
All the exercises and physical exertions must be decided and done under the supervision of a medical expert only.
Research articles
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2522333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1525098/
https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/125/7/1428/409306
Author information
The post Mood swings- Ayurvedic Treatment, Diet, Exercises, Research Papers, Yoga & Pranayama appeared first on Ayurvedaforall UK Blog.
source https://www.ayurvedaforall.co.uk/blog/mood-swings-ayurvedic-treatment-diet-exercises-research-papers-yoga-pranayama/
No comments:
Post a Comment